Epilepsy & Surgery

1. Assessing decision-making skills with the Script Concordance Test (SCT) in clinical neurology and emergency medicine

   CONCLUSION: The SCT is a reliable and valid tool for assessing medical students throughout their university education. Regular exposure to the SCT format would facilitate familiarity with its structure. We propose utilising the SCT as a learning tool rather than solely for assessment purposes. For instance, it could be integrated into teaching methodologies as a think-aloud exercise or incorporated into progress tests.

2. Super-resolution for localizing electrode grids as small, deformable objects during epilepsy surgery using augmented reality headsets

   CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the feasibility of localizing small, deformable objects like ioECoG grids using AR HMDs. While results indicate clinically acceptable accuracy, further research is needed to validate the method in clinical environments and assess its impact on surgical precision and outcomes.

3. Cenobamate for Adjunctive Treatment in Adult and Pediatric Patients with Refractory Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: A Retrospective Chart Review

   CONCLUSIONS: This chart review provides promising evidence for the efficacy of CNB in treating LGS. Additional prospective studies will help to clarify CNB's efficacy and safety profile for patients with LGS.

4. Structural White Matter Correlates of the Crowding Effect: Insights From a Tractography Study of the Arcuate Fasciculus Post-Hemispherotomy

   The neuropsychological crowding effect denotes the reallocation of cognitive functions within the contralesional hemisphere following unilateral brain damage, prioritizing language at the expense of nonverbal abilities. This study investigates structural white matter correlates of crowding in the arcuate fasciculus (AF), a key language tract, using hemispherotomy as a unique setting to explore structural reorganization supporting language preservation. We explore two main hypotheses. First, the...

5. A french real-world experience with cenobamate in patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy: A retrospective observational study

   Epilepsy is a common and disabling neurological disorder. To significantly improve the quality of life of patients, the primary goal is to achieve seizure freedom. Unfortunately, 30 % of epilepsies are drug-resistant and seizure freedom is not acheived. Cenobamate is a new anti-seizure medication (ASM) used as a treatment for focal epilepsy in adults whose seizures have not been able to be controlled by two prior ASM. Two previous pivotal studies have showed an unusual seizure-free rate at 21 %...

6. Efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation on seizure control in patients with refractory epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

   Drug-resistant epilepsy is a challenging condition that affects around 30% of all patients with epilepsy. Evidence regarding treatment options is limited, especially for surgery and invasive techniques. However, non-invasive techniques constitute a promising alternative for these patients. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation on seizure frequency management in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. We searched the literature in PubMed,...

7. Neuroprotective Efficacy of Microwave-Assisted Synthetized 2-(5-Cyclopropyl-6-Thioxo-1,3,5-Thiadiazinan-3-Yl) Acetic Acid in Mitigating Cognitive Deficits in Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Mice Model

   Oxidative stress is a major contributor to neurodegenerative diseases, triggering inflammation that ultimately leads to nerve cell death. This study aims to synthesize and characterize 2-(5-cyclopropyl-6-thioxo-1,3,5-thiadiazinan-3-yl) acetic acid COX-2 and scrutinize the neuroprotective efficacy in a pentylenetetrazole-induced mice model of epilepsy in a mice model. The compound is synthesized via microwave-assisted method and characterized by infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and electron...

8. Seizure-Induced Periprosthetic Femoral Fracture After Total Hip Arthroplasty in a Patient With Epilepsy: A Case Report

   Fractures secondary to seizure activity are a well-known complication in patients with epilepsy; however, periprosthetic fractures following total hip arthroplasty (THA) due to seizures are rarely documented. Nonadherence to anti-epileptic medications (AEMs) significantly increases the risk of seizure recurrence, particularly in individuals with a history of seizure-induced skeletal trauma. We present the case of a 27-year-old male with a documented history of epilepsy who sustained a right...

9. Developmental mechanisms underlying pediatric epilepsy

   Pediatric epilepsy affects a large proportion of children, with a huge variability in seizure onset. Due to complicated etiology, wide range of associated comorbidities, and difficulty in obtaining clear physiological data from children, epilepsy management in pediatric patients often poses a critical challenge. Importantly, around 30% of these patients remain non-responsive to current anti-seizure drugs and develop a higher risk of developmental and cognitive delay and, in worse situations,...

10. A Systematic Clinical Framework for Postimplantation Monitoring in Thalamic Neuromodulation: Insights From Twiddler's Syndrome

    This case described a 25-year-old pregnant woman with refractory multifocal epilepsy, diagnosed in 2020 and treated with bilateral thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting the centromedian and pulvinar nuclei. Prior to DBS, she experienced daily focal seizures, often progressing to generalized tonic-clonic seizures despite optimal medication. Presurgical evaluations revealed multifocal epilepsy with right hemispheric involvement and diffuse band heterotopia. Given the extensive...

11. Exploring determinants of time to school re-entry after pediatric epilepsy surgery

    After epilepsy surgery, it varies when children re-enter school. The aim of this study was to identify determinants for this variation. Parents of 21 school-attending children participated in semi-structured interviews during their child's hospitalization for epilepsy surgery and one year afterward (based on the standard neuropsychological post-surgical follow-up). The mean time to school re-entry was 10.7 weeks (SD = 6.3). One child did not attend school after one year, whilst the fastest child...

12. An invisible enemy. Echoacousis and aphasia as a rare presentation of a non convulsive status epilepticus. Clinical case

    Status epilepticus is not always an easily recognised condition, which can become a cause of serious consequences, and even death. It can present in two clinical forms: convulsive and nonconvulsive. The clinical symptoms representing nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) can vary a lot and sometimes be very misleading. We present here a case of a woman, who is a carrier of 6 platinum spirals as a result of endovascular aneurysm embolisation and has undergone a surgery for the removal of the...

13. White matter quantitative anomalies and clinical outcome in drug-resistant epilepsies

    CONCLUSIONS: Patients with drug-resistant epilepsies have global and segmental quantitative white matter tract anomalies, which suggests cerebral neural involvement in this disease. These abnormalities can vary regarding the postsurgical clinical outcome.

14. Childhood penetrating intracranial injury by non-metallic objects: a case report of three pediatric cases

    CONCLUSIONS: Notably, there were no occurrences of postoperative CSF fistula or epilepsy seizures, and intracranial infections were effectively managed. By documenting these three cases of pediatric intracranial penetrating brain injury, it is evident that accurate diagnosis and immediate surgical intervention are imperative in mitigating secondary brain injury and minimizing the risk of infection or hemorrhage.

15. Visual Features in Stereo-Electroencephalography to Predict Surgical Outcome: A Multicenter Study

    OBJECTIVE: Epilepsy surgery needs predictive features that are easily implemented in clinical practice. Previous studies are limited by small sample sizes, lack of external validation, and complex computational approaches. We aimed to identify and validate visually stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) features with the highest predictive value for surgical outcome, and assess the reliability of their visual extraction.

16. The dysregulation and regulatory mechanism of long non-coding RNA LBX2-AS1 in children with epilepsy

    CONCLUSION: LBX2-AS1 is upregulated in epilepsy and is associated with increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis via mediating miR-873-5p/HNRNPK axis in epilepsy cell model.

17. Epileptogenicity post Stereoelectroencephalography and Subdural Grids Invasive Monitoring: A Retrospective Analysis of Adult and Pediatric Patients with Refractory Epilepsy

    CONCLUSION: SEEG is not associated with increased epileptogenicity after termination of monitoring. Two patients post-SDG removal experienced an increase in seizure frequency. While patients with refractory epilepsy may continue to have seizures during the immediate postoperative period, it is likely that patients will experience a decrease in seizure frequency after removal of SEEG or SDG.

18. Dynamic Causal Tractography Analysis of Auditory Descriptive Naming: An Intracranial Study of 106 Patients

    Humans understand and respond to spoken questions through coordinated activity across distributed cortical networks. However, the causal roles of network engagements alternating across multiple white matter bundles remain understudied at the whole-brain scale. Using intracranial high-gamma activity recorded from 7,792 non-epileptic electrode sites in 106 epilepsy patients who underwent direct cortical stimulation mapping, we constructed an atlas visualizing the millisecond-scale dynamics of...

19. Deep brain stimulation for epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and non-randomized studies of thalamic targeting

    CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate efficacy of ANT and CMN DBS for patients with DRE, defined by responder rate and seizure reduction. Further research is required to optimize patient selection, predict individual response, and assess non-seizure related outcomes.

20. Establishment of a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line from a patient harboring a TSC1 gene mutation

    The tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (TSC1) gene encodes for the growth inhibitory protein, hamartin, and has been clinically implicated in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and associated epilepsy. In this study, we present an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line derived from a patient with epilepsy and tuberous sclerosis, carrying the TSC1 c.2626-2(IVS20) A > G variant. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the patient were successfully reprogrammed into iPSCs, which maintained a normal...