Epilepsy

23. April 2025

• Amplitude entropy captures chimera resembling behavior in the altered brain dynamics during seizures
  23. April 2025
  Epilepsy is a neurological disease characterized by epileptic seizures, which commonly manifest with pronounced frequency and amplitude changes in the EEG signal. In the case of focal seizures, initially localized pathological activity spreads from a so-called "onset zone" to a wider network of brain areas. Chimeras, defined as states of simultaneously occurring coherent and incoherent dynamics in symmetrically coupled networks are increasingly invoked for characterization of seizures. In...
• A pre-existing chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection promotes epileptogenesis and neuropathology in a mouse model of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
  23. April 2025
  OBJECTIVE: There is initial evidence that the common neurotropic parasite Toxoplasma gondii is a risk factor for the development of epilepsy; however, whether it influences epileptogenesis is unknown. This study investigated whether a pre-existing chronic T. gondii infection alters epileptogenesis and neuropathology in a mouse model of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.
• Focused Ultrasound in the Treatment of Epilepsy: Current Applications and Future Directions
  23. April 2025
  Epilepsy is the fourth most common neurological disorder, affecting nearly 1% of the global population. Despite recent advancements in medical therapies, approximately one-third of patients remain refractory to treatment, necessitating consideration of surgical intervention. Historically, epilepsy surgery has been invasive and maximalist in nature, involving extensive brain resections with significant risk for morbidity. However, emerging approaches offer promising, less-invasive alternatives....
• The role of robots in epilepsy surgery
  23. April 2025
  BACKGROUND: Epilepsy is a prevalent chronic neurological disease affecting millions. Many patients respond to medical therapies, but a third of patients does not and potentially requires neurosurgical procedures. These can be used to localize the onset of seizures and subsequently treat patients. Robotic technologies have emerged over the last decades to increase the efficacy and safety of epilepsy surgery. We therefore wanted to describe the role that robotics in epilepsy surgery have taken...
• Comparative feasibility and complication analyses of extra-operative (bedside) removal of stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) electrodes
  23. April 2025
  CONCLUSION: With the appropriate indications, the extraoperative removal of SEEG electrodes appears to be a feasible and safe alternative to the intraoperative method. It presents potential advantages in optimizing patient flow within epilepsy monitoring units, improving operational efficiency, and potentially reducing healthcare costs while promoting patient comfort. Future research is essential to validate these findings further and refine the bedside technique for broader clinical...
• Restoration of blood brain barrier integrity post neurosurgical resection in drug resistant epilepsy
  23. April 2025
  Surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a well-recognised therapy for drug resistant seizures which occur in more than 50 % of patients with TLE. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is commonly observed in resected brain tissue from patients with treatment resistant epilepsy however, no studies have documented the recovery of BBB function following surgery. We firstly prospectively performed dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) on seven patients scheduled for...
• Cannabis derivatives and their synthetic analogs for treatment-resistant epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  23. April 2025
  BACKGROUND: Cannabidiol and other synthetic analogs from the Cannabis sativa plant have been investigated as alternative for the treatment of refractory epilepsy.
• Long-term musculoskeletal outcomes in pediatric hemispherotomy
  23. April 2025
  CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that children who undergo HS experience minimal long-term impact on broad measures of functional mobility but may still require intervention for management of spasticity, muscle contractures, and bony deformities.
• Prognosis of pregnant women with epilepsy and their neonates: a case series stud
  23. April 2025
  CONCLUSIONS: For women with epilepsy who receive medical management and establish good control prior to pregnancy, child birth may be relatively safe, with a low rate of neonatal withdrawal syndrome requiring pharmacotherapy.
• Umbilical cord length and neurodevelopmental disorders, a national cohort study
  23. April 2025
  CONCLUSIONS: This first population study finds that umbilical cord length is associated with NDD. The findings support the hypothesis that neurodevelopment and development of the umbilical cord share pathways.
• Neuronal autophagy controls excitability via ryanodine receptor-mediated regulation of calcium-activated potassium channel function
  23. April 2025
  Glutamate-mediated neuronal hyperexcitation plays a causative role in eliciting seizures and promoting epileptogenesis. Recent data suggest that altered autophagy can contribute to the occurrence of epilepsy. We examined the role of autophagy in neuronal physiology by generating knockout mice conditionally lacking the essential autophagy protein ATG5 in glutamatergic neurons. We demonstrate that conditional genetic blockade of neuronal autophagy results in action potential narrowing, axonal...
• A cross-sectional study of prescribing of antiseizure medication for the treatment of pain in Australia
  23. April 2025
  CONCLUSION: Given the widespread off-label use of gabapentinoids and the potential for serious harm, further research is warranted to better understand their clinical and safety outcomes.
• Challenges and Opportunities: Nanomaterials in Epilepsy Diagnosis
  23. April 2025
  Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder characterized by a significant rate of disability. Accurate early diagnosis and precise localization of the epileptogenic zone are essential for timely intervention, seizure prevention, and personalized treatment. However, over 30% of patients with epilepsy exhibit negative results on electroencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which can lead to misdiagnosis and subsequent delays in treatment. Consequently, enhancing diagnostic...
• Prevalence, clinical characteristics, and risk factors for psychosis in people with epilepsy: A multicenter retrospective cohort study
  23. April 2025
  OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and risk factors for psychosis in a cohort of people with epilepsy in West China.
• Deep learning-based detection of generalized convulsive seizures using a wrist-worn accelerometer
  23. April 2025
  OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a wrist-worn accelerometer-based, deep-learning tunable algorithm for the automated detection of generalized or bilateral convulsive seizures (CSs) to be integrated with off-the-shelf smartwatches.
• Dynamic and Static Functional Gradient in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy With Hippocampal Sclerosis Versus Healthy Controls
  23. April 2025
  AIMS: The gradient captures the continuous transitions in connectivity, representing an intrinsic hierarchical architecture of the brain. Previous works hinted at the dynamics of the gradient but did not verify them. Cognitive impairment is a common comorbidity of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Gradient techniques provide a framework that could promote the understanding of the neural correlations of cognitive decline.
• Increased Immunoglobulin and Proteoglycan Synthesis in Resected Hippocampal Tissue Predicts Post-Surgical Seizure Recurrence in Human Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
  23. April 2025
  Background/Objectives: For patients with medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), surgery is an effective strategy. However, post-operative seizure recurrence occurs in 20-30% of patients, and it remains challenging to predict outcomes solely based on clinical variables. Here, we ask to what extent differences in gene expression in epileptic tissue can predict the outcome after resective epilepsy surgery. Methods: We performed RNAseq on hippocampal tissue resected from eight patients...
• Effects of the ketogenic diet on dentate gyrus and CA3 KCC2 expression in male rats with electrical amygdala kindling-induced seizures
  23. April 2025
  CONCLUSION: KD reduces ADD in generalized seizures. In addition, KD has a putative neuroprotective effect by preventing the kindling-induced reduction of KCC2 expression in the molecular, granule, and hilar dentate gyrus layers and pyramidal and lucidum CA3 strata. Increased KCC2 expression levels are related to a shorter duration of generalized seizures.
• Intracranial neuromodulation for pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy: early institutional experience
  23. April 2025
  CONCLUSION: In the early Stanford experience, DBS was used as a palliatively for generalized or mixed DRE refractory to other resective or modulatory approaches. RNS was used for multifocal DRE with a clear seizure focus on stereo-EEG and no prior surgical interventions. Both modalities reduced seizure burden across all patients. RNS offers the additional benefit of providing data to guide future surgical planning.
• Anti-GAD65 Antibodies Related Refractory Epilepsy Successfully Treated with Tocilizumab: A Case Report and Systematic Literature Review
  23. April 2025
  CONCLUSION: Tocilizumab seems to be an effective therapy for the refractory anti-GAD65 related epilepsy as it can control seizures, improve cognition and neuropsychiatric symptoms.
• Associations between blood selenium and serum neurofilament light chain: results of a nationwide survey
  23. April 2025
  CONCLUSION: Blood Se is inversely associated with sNfL in American adults. Our findings indicate that blood Se may have a potential protective effect against neuronal damage.
• Compound heterozygous variants of the NARS2 gene in siblings with refractory seizures: two case report and literature review
  23. April 2025
  CONCLUSIONS: Our findings expand the mutational spectrum of NARS2 and highlight the associated phenotypic heterogeneity, underscoring the critical role of NARS2 in epilepsy and neurodevelopmental processes. For pediatric patients with refractory epilepsy, early genetic testing is essential to improve diagnostic accuracy, refine prognostic stratification, and guide personalized treatment strategies. Additionally, mitochondrial drug cocktail therapy may be beneficial for epilepsy caused by NARS2...
• Updating the ILAE seizure classification
  23. April 2025
  No abstract
• Updated classification of epileptic seizures: Position paper of the International League Against Epilepsy
  23. April 2025
  The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) has updated the operational classification of epileptic seizures, building upon the framework established in 2017. This revision, informed by the implementation experience, involved a working group appointed by the ILAE Executive Committee. Comprising 37 members from all ILAE regions, the group utilized a modified Delphi process, requiring a consensus threshold of more than two thirds for any proposal. Following public comments, the Executive...
• Microwave-assisted Green Extraction of Flavonoids: An Approach for the Development of Antiepileptic Agents
  23. April 2025
  Herbal medicine has been used since ancient times for the treatment of various diseases and the improvement of human health. In research, the extraction process serves as a critical initial step for isolating and purifying key bioactive components from crude plant extracts. Despite its importance, the extraction stage often receives less attention and remains underexplored. In India, traditional techniques, such as maceration, Soxhlet extraction, steam distillation, and cold pressing, are still...
• Factors influencing self-management in patients with epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  23. April 2025
  CONCLUSION: The status of self-management in patients with epilepsy in some regions is still not optimistic. In this review, self-management in patients with epilepsy is affected by many factors, including education, age, self-efficacy, employment, marital status, duration of disease, gender, income level. These factors may provide more targeted interventions and education to improve the self-management and quality of life of epilepsy patients.
• The Rare Syndrome Aicardi-Goutières 4: A Case Report and Literature Review
  23. April 2025
  Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a genetically heterogeneous type of interferonopathy resulting from defects in the processing or sensing of nucleic acids. The AGS phenotype encompasses a broad range of neurological and non-neurological findings. It presents with a congenital or subacute onset, manifesting as microcephaly, spasticity, dystonia, seizures, cortical blindness, and psychomotor retardation in the first year of life. The radiological and laboratory findings of AGS are generally...
• Simultaneous Determination of Multiple Anti-Seizure Medications in Human Plasma Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Positive/Negative Ion-Switching Ionization Mode for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
  23. April 2025
  Monotherapy or combination therapy with anti-seizure medications (ASMs) remains the cornerstone of epilepsy treatment. Therapeutic drug monitoring is important for individualized ASM treatment and for optimizing outcomes in patients with epilepsy. Therefore, the simultaneous and accurate quantification of ASMs is necessary and helpful for clinical use. In this study, a new method was developed to simultaneously quantify carbamazepine, lacosamide, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine,...
• Antisense oligonucleotide treatment in a preterm infant with early-onset SCN2A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
  22. April 2025
  Early-onset SCN2A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy is caused by SCN2A gain-of-function variants. Here we describe the clinical experience with intrathecally administered elsunersen, a gapmer antisense oligonucleotide targeting SCN2A, in a female preterm infant with early-onset SCN2A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, in an expanded access program. Before elsunersen treatement, the patient was in status epilepticus for 7 weeks with a seizure frequency of 20-25 per hour....
• Significance of miR-1290 in glioblastoma patients with epilepsy
  22. April 2025
  Epilepsy is often the initial symptom in two-thirds of glioblastoma (GBM) patients. Existing studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in epilepsy. However, their role in epilepsy associated with glioblastoma remains unclear. The aim of our study was to investigate the correlation between miR-1290 expression in GBM patients and pre-operative seizures, as well as patient outcomes. 81 GBM patients were enrolled in our study, and an independent validation was carried out with...
• High-order information analysis of epileptogenesis in the pilocarpine rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy
  22. April 2025
  Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a devastating disease, often pharmacoresistant and with a high prevalence of 1% worldwide. There are few disease-modifying therapies; thus, prevention has become a health priority. The overarching goal of this research project is to highlight the system's dynamics at different stages before TLE onset to identify an early shift in network dynamics trajectory towards disease onset. Researchers often investigate collective brain activity by tracking dynamical...
• Revolutionizing pediatric neurology care: telemedicine advancements and regulatory impact in the Northeast of Brazil
  22. April 2025
  CONCLUSION: The results highlight the effectiveness of teleconsultations in improving access to pediatric neurological care in underserved regions, reducing the need for in-person counseling, with the potential to provide significant cost savings for the public health system. The TeleNortheast program demonstrates the potential of this approach to bridge healthcare gaps, particularly in regions with limited access to specialized care.
• Ibn Sina's contributions to epilepsy management: Innovations from the Islamic Golden Age
  22. April 2025
  The historical understanding of epilepsy has evolved from supernatural beliefs in ancient Mesopotamia to scientific interpretations in the Islamic Golden Age. While early civilizations viewed epilepsy as a divine affliction, Greek and Roman physicians, notably Hippocrates, proposed a cerebral origin. However, significant advancements emerged during the Islamic Golden Age (7th-15th centuries), particularly through the works of Al-Razi and Ibn Sina (980-1037 CE). Ibn Sina, or Avicenna, synthesized...
• Problems and needs in everyday life of people with late-onset epilepsy: A scoping review categorization using the international classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF)
  22. April 2025
  CONCLUSION: Our scoping review suggests that a multidisciplinary, patient-centered approach is essential to address the substantial mental, physical, and social challenges posed by late-onset epilepsy. This includes enhanced education for patients and healthcare providers, improved communication, and targeted interventions to manage comorbidities, reduce stigma, and improve overall quality of life (QoL).
• Features affecting treatment decisions and outcome in refractory status epilepticus
  22. April 2025
  OBJECTIVE: Refractory status epilepticus (RSE) is associated with worse outcomes than responsive established status epilepticus (SE). Guidelines recommend that refractory convulsive SE should be treated with continuous intravenous anesthetic drugs (CIVADs). Many cases of nonconvulsive SE are not reated with CIVADs, and the use of anesthesia might be associated with increased mortality. The factors leading to the decision to use anesthesia and how these might affect outcome are still largely...
• Insights from stereoelectroencephalography in KCNT1-related focal epilepsy suggest a multifocal and migrating epileptogenic network
  22. April 2025
  The most characteristic syndrome related to KCNT1 is epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures. Unifocal epilepsies have also been reported, the most common being sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE) of frontal origin. Only 10 cases of focal extrafrontal epilepsies with an insulo-opercular or temporal origin have been reported. Among these patients suffering from focal epilepsy, only seven underwent stereoelectroencephalography (S-EEG) describing focal or multifocal ictal onsets. We...
• A pilot study on the programming protocol of vagus nerve stimulation in children with drug-resistant epilepsy: High pulse amplitude or high duty cycle
  22. April 2025
  OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of vagus nerve stimulation using different modes in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE).
• SPTAN1-Results of a Caregiver Survey
  22. April 2025
  Background: SPTAN1 variants are thought to affect the scaffolding that protects the axonal segment of neurons as well as neuronal synapses. The SPTAN1 gene is located in the 9q34.11 genomic region and encodes the cytoskeletal protein alpha II spectrin. Epilepsy, encephalopathy, and motor neuropathy are most commonly associated with SPTAN1 variants. Methods: An informed consent and questionnaire were developed in order to gather information from caregivers regarding their family members' SPTAN1...
• Pharmacodynamic interactions between seletracetam and antiseizure comedications in the human photosensitivity model
  22. April 2025
  We recently reported that seletracetam (SEL), a highly potent derivative of levetiracetam (LEV), reduces or abolishes the photoparoxysmal electroencephalographic response (PPR) to intermittent photic stimulation (IPS) in patients with epilepsy. Most of the 27 patients in this study were on comedication with different antiseizure medications (ASMs). Here, we reanalyzed the raw data of this clinical trial to determine which, if any, of the ASMs reduced (or increased) the effect of SEL on PPR in...
• Cannabidiol in Drug-Resistant Epilepsy (DRE) in Children: A Retrospective Study
  22. April 2025
  CONCLUSION: Cannabidiol is a useful and safe add-on drug in children with DRE.
• Prevalence of Cysticercosis in Pigs and Risk Assessment Among Occupationally Exposed Workers in Benue State, Nigeria
  22. April 2025
  CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate the endemicity of porcine cysticercosis in Makurdi abattoirs. While knowledge of the disease seems relatively widespread among exposed populations, gaps exist in understanding transmission routes. A collaborative One Health approach involving studies on occupationally exposed individuals is recommended for a comprehensive understanding of the disease burden and to develop targeted control strategies.
• Biallelic Variants in AFG3L2 Causing Spastic Ataxia Type 5 (SPAX5): Report of Two Pediatric Cases from Bogotá, Colombia
  22. April 2025
  CONCLUSIONS: This study emphasizes the importance of abnormal movements in the clinical presentation of SPAX5 and highlights the variability in treatment outcomes.
• New insights into epileptic spasm generation and treatment from the TTX animal model
  22. April 2025
  Currently, we have an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms underlying infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS). However, over the past decade, significant efforts have been made to develop IESS animal models to provide much-needed mechanistic information for therapy development. Our laboratory has focused on the TTX model and in this paper, we review some of our findings. To induce spasms, tetrodotoxin (TTX) is infused into the neocortex of infant rats. TTX produces a lesion at its...
• Prevalence and Risk Factors of Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizure among Patients Evaluated for Seizures
  22. April 2025
  CONCLUSIONS: Determining the prevalence of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures is challenging. Our study revealed that the prevalence of PNES in patients with seizures was 9.2%. Female sex is a significant risk factor for PNES. Demographic characteristics and clinical data can help identify patients with PNES and guide appropriate management options.
• A boy with autism spectrum disorder with antibodies to the NMDA-type glutamate receptor: nine-year follow-up, changes in cognitive function　
  22. April 2025
  Herein, we report a 12-year-old boy with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who showed a cognitive decline at age 7 and tested positive for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptor (GluR) antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). His cognitive function developed between ages 3 and 5, reaching a total domain developmental quotient (DQ) of 61 on the revised Kyoto Scale of Psychological...
• Psychometric Properties for the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire in Child and Youth Health Clinics and School Health Services: A Validation Study
  22. April 2025
  CONCLUSION: This study indicated that the reliability, content and construct validity of the SAQ-A, with five factors, is adequate for measuring healthcare professionals safety climate in child and youth health clinics and school health services in Norway.
• H1 antihistamine-induced adverse events and time to onset: A retrospective analysis using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report Database
  22. April 2025
  CONCLUSION: This study revealed that most severe AEs, such as anaphylaxis and toxic cutaneous diseases, caused by H1 antihistamines occurred within 1 week of treatment. Hepatotoxicity, alopecia, interstitial pneumonia, and aplastic anemia occurred throughout the treatment period.
• The Expanding Spectrum of Anti-IgLON5 Disease: A Case Series from an Indian Cohort
  22. April 2025
  Anti-IgLON5 disease is an evolving entity that lies at the confluence of autoimmunity and neurodegeneration. Reports from India remain sparse. In this series, we describe seven Indian patients with anti-IgLON5-related disease. Patients presented across the fifth to eighth decades with a mean duration of illness of 16 months. All had movement disorders, which included gait ataxia, parkinsonism, and chorea. Six patients had sleep disturbances. Five had a frontal dysexecutive dementia phenotype....
• Clinical Features and Prognostic Analysis of Elderly Patients With Late-Onset Epilepsy
  22. April 2025
  CONCLUSION: Structural factors are the main etiology for LOE in elderly patients, with ischemic cerebral infarction accounting for the highest proportion. Focal seizure was the main seizure type. Patients with comorbid psychiatric disorders, cognitive impairment or dementia may have poor one-year treatment efficacy.
• Association Between Smoking and Amnesia in Southwest Iran: A Population-Based Cross-sectional Study
  22. April 2025
  CONCLUSION: Our investigations revealed a direct correlation between smoking and amnesia. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms of these associations, it will be imperative to conduct future longitudinal studies.
• Epilepsy and Employment in Europe: A Systematic Review of Literature
  22. April 2025
  CONCLUSION: Developing specific legislation and programs to include PwE in the workplace could help their social integration. Moreover, seizure control seems to be the most relevant factor influencing the possibility of getting and maintaining a good job, demonstrating the importance of providing continuous follow-up and the best medical care to all PwE.
• Parenchymal neuro-sonological characteristics in epileptic patients and their correlation with cognitive dysfunction
  21. April 2025
  CONCLUSIONS: IGE patients exhibit significant cognitive impairment and notable dilatation of the third ventricle and lateral ventricles horns, which may serve as markers of brain atrophy.
• Nutritional Approaches in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Scoping Review
  21. April 2025
  PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review was conducted to discuss the etiology of autism in the light of current information, to draw attention to the fact that defects in different biological mechanisms cause autism, and to examine the effectiveness of dietary interventions and supplements in relieving ASD symptoms.
• Microstructure is associated with motor outcomes following Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's disease
  21. April 2025
  Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) is an established intervention for alleviating both motor and non-motor symptoms in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). However, patient outcomes may vary widely, underscoring the need for predictive biomarkers. Neuroimaging techniques, such as neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), a biophysical model-based MRI technique, offer promise in forecasting clinical outcomes and supporting preoperative counseling. This...
• Lithium exacerbates Lafora body formation in the Epm2a^-/- Lafora disease mouse model
  21. April 2025
  Lafora disease (LD) is a fatal neurodegenerative epilepsy of teenagers due to accumulations of overlong-branched glycogen (Lafora bodies, LBs) and caused by deficient laforin or its interacting partner malin. While how the laforin-malin complex regulates glycogen chain lengths is unknown, it is known that downregulating the glycogen chain-elongating enzyme glycogen synthase prevents LB formation. Lithium is a longstanding treatment for neuropsychiatric diseases. Lithium was recently shown to...
• Lethal Interactions of neuronal networks in epilepsy mediated by both synaptic and volume transmission indicate approaches to prevention
  21. April 2025
  Neuronal network interactions are important in normal brain physiology and also in brain disorders. Many mesoscopic networks, including the auditory and respiratory network, mediate a single brain function. Macroscopic networks, including the locomotor network, central autonomic network (CAN), and many seizure networks involve interactions among multiple mesoscopic networks. Network interactions are mediated by neuroactive substances, acting via synaptic transmission, which mediate rapid...
• The possible role of neurogenesis activators in temporal lobe epilepsy: State of art and future perspective
  21. April 2025
  Neurogenesis is a complex process by which the neurons and supporting cells of the central nervous system (CNS) are generated by neural stem cells. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) in the human brain is an active process during life and plays a critical role in the regulation of memory, cognition, and mood. It has been shown that epilepsy is linked with dysregulation of AHN. Of note, AHN is very sensitive to the pathological electrical stimuli during epileptic seizures, which result in the...
• Theory of axo-axonic inhibition
  21. April 2025
  The axon initial segment of principal cells of the cortex and hippocampus is contacted by GABAergic interneurons called chandelier cells. The anatomy, as well as alterations in neurological diseases such as epilepsy, suggest that chandelier cells exert an important inhibitory control on action potential initiation. However, their functional role remains unclear, including whether their effect is indeed inhibitory or excitatory. One reason is that there is a relative gap in electrophysiological...
• Principles and Operation of Virtual Brain Twins
  21. April 2025
  Current clinical methods often overlook individual variability by relying on population-wide trials, while mechanismbased trials remain underutilized in neuroscience due to the brain's complexity. This situation may change through the use of a Virtual Brain Twin (VBT), which is a personalized digital replica of an individual's brain, integrating structural and functional brain data into advanced computational models and inference algorithms. By bridging the gap between molecular mechanisms,...
• A Case of Generalized Epilepsy with Asymmetric Features vs. Focal Epilepsy with Rapid Bilateral Synchronization in a Patient with Multiple Seizure Types
  21. April 2025
  Deciding whether an epilepsy is of focal or generalized origin is necessary for establishing treatment options. Sometimes it is not a clear diagnosis. It is important to consider patient history, EEG presentation, clinical semiology, and imaging with these decisions. Presented is a case study of a patient with presumed generalized epilepsy but with focal features. A diagnostic evaluation was performed to ultimately decide if her epilepsy was focal or generalized, and whether she could be a...
• A closer look: pediatric neuroimaging at 7T
  21. April 2025
  Although 7 Tesla (7T) field strength MR imaging offers higher signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution and improves certain types of tissue contrast, the incorporation of these systems into clinical pediatric neuroradiology has been relatively limited. Following a discussion of available hardware, current regulations, and pediatric specific safety considerations, this article briefly reviews the underlying principles behind the improved image quality attainable with certain techniques at 7T....
• Change in Structural Connectivity Following Stereotactic Thermocoagulation in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients
  21. April 2025
  CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that a higher ablation of both the amygdala and rhinal cortex led to improved structural connectivity and was associated with better outcomes. Our results provide insight into some essential elements of brain connectivity networks in MTLE and might contribute to the generation of novel evidence that could improve SEEG-guided RFTC interventions in MTLE patients.
• EEG Spectral Exponents and Visual Chirp Responses Mirror Anti-Seizure Medication Load in Refractory Focal Epilepsy
  21. April 2025
  OBJECTIVE: Quantitative markers of cortical excitability may help identify responders to anti-seizure medications (ASMs). We studied the relationship between ASM load and two electroencephalography (EEG) markers of cortical excitability in people with refractory epilepsy.
• Epilepsy and Amyloid: The Plot Thickens So Will the Brain Thin?
  21. April 2025
  No abstract
• Back to the Future: Endophenotypes of Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy
  21. April 2025
  No abstract
• Do Seizures Damage the Brain?-Cumulative Effects of Seizures and Epilepsy: A 2025 Perspective
  21. April 2025
  In 1885, William Gowers proposed that epilepsy is a progressive disease, based on clinical evidence before any effective treatments were available. His long-standing hypothesis has been summarized with the statement "seizures beget seizures." Whether this is the case and related questions about seizure-induced modification and damage of brain circuits are of fundamental importance for neurobiological understanding of epilepsy, development of effective treatment strategies, clinical management,...
• The Stigmatizing Impact of Perceived Epilepsy Stigma
  21. April 2025
  No abstract
• Adenosine Makes a Scene
  21. April 2025
  No abstract
• Parental measurement and correlation of empathy among families attending pediatric neurology clinics
  21. April 2025
  CONCLUSION: This study underlines the significance of exploring the variance in empathy levels among parents of chronically ill children. It identifies mothers as generally more empathetic than fathers in this context. In addition, several factors were found to be associated with increased empathetic behaviors and tendencies. These compelling findings highlight the necessity for further studies in this area to deepen our understanding of empathy's dynamics and its implications for pediatric...
• Prolonged visual aura, late-onset migraine-like headaches, and seizures suggest an occipital arteriovenous malformation
  21. April 2025
  To report a patient with occipital arteriovenous malformation (AVM), manifested by prolonged visual aura and migraine-like headache as well as rare tonic-clonic seizures. The patient is a 55-year-old woman with a left occipital, unruptured AVM that first manifested with attacks of prolonged visual aura, followed by a migraine-like headache at the age of 32. The frequency of these attacks steadily increased over the years and at the age of 45 she experienced her first tonic-clonic seizure. The...
• Purinergic receptor antagonism reduces interictal discharges and rescues cognitive function in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy
  21. April 2025
  Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders globally. Current treatments mainly target neuronal activity, often overlooking the involvement of astrocytes and microglia in epilepsy's pathophysiology. Here, we explored the impact of purinergic receptors, predominantly found in glial tissue, on epileptiform activity. We used TNP-ATP, a potent purinergic receptor antagonist, and conducted experiments using a mouse model of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy to examine behavioral...
• A Case Report of Acute Ischaemic Stroke Associated with T​uberculous Meningitis
  21. April 2025
  CONCLUSION: This case underscores the critical role of MRI in the early detection of TBM-related complications. Although corticosteroids improve short-term outcomes, their impact on long-term disability necessitates further research. Effective management strategies tailored to vulnerable populations are essential to improve the prognosis of TBM patients.
• Home Respiratory Therapies in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Value-based Care Model in Spain
  21. April 2025
  This document proposes a value-based care model to improve adherence and health outcomes in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) treated with CPAP. The current care model for OSA management adopts a uniform, volume-based approach for all patients, limiting personalized care and reducing service quality without providing objective outcome data. The value-based care model proposed here focuses on guiding all interventions towards improving treatment adherence, aiming to enhance health...
• Differential Expression of hsa-miR-134, hsa-miR-155, hsa-miR-122 as Biomarkers of Epileptogenesis in Patients with Acute Cerebral Injury
  20. April 2025
  It is difficult to predict the process of occurrence of an epileptogenic focus in patients who have suffered acute cerebral damage. The aim of our study is to investigate and describe the possibility of using microRNAs as biomarkers of epileptogenesis. Objective of our work was to evaluate expression of hsa-miR-134-5p, hsa-miR-155-5p, and has-miR-122-5p in different groups of patients. Quantitative comparison of relative concentrations of the studied microRNAs in the blood plasma of three groups...
• Neurodevelopmental disorders at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital: a 4-year retrospective database review
  20. April 2025
  CONCLUSIONS: This study provides insights into the regional burden and clinical presentation of neurodevelopmental disorders. Trends in this region reflect broader global patterns, with increasing numbers of children presenting with complex conditions. Greater resources are needed for earlier diagnosis and therapy, access to all tiers of genetic testing and upscaling of inclusive and special needs education.
• The improvement in diagnostic yield of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy by the multi-omics sequential testing method
  20. April 2025
  Despite traditional panel and Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) assays, the causative factors for 60 % of epilepsy cases remain elusive, mainly due to incomplete detection of variant spectrums, and limited ability to interpret variants. Our research developed the multi-omics method of a comprehensive sequential testing methodology, to enhance the diagnostic yield for the etiology. In this study, we performed sequential multi-omics analyses on a cohort of 236 Chinese patients exhibiting recurrent...
• A comparative study on the detection and localization of interictal epileptiform discharges in magnetoencephalography using optically pumped magnetometers versus superconducting quantum interference devices
  20. April 2025
  CONCLUSION: This real-world study demonstrated that OPM-MEG had comparable applicability in IED detection and source localization, compared with SQUID-MEG. Additionally, OPM-MEG performed better in terms of IED amplitude and SNR. Lower costs and user-friendly features highlight the clinical potential of OPM-MEG in epilepsy assessments.
• Animal models of epilepsy after ischemic stroke
  20. April 2025
  Stroke ranks among the foremost causes of disability and mortality globally, with ischemic stroke (IS) being the most prevalent subtype. Post-stroke epilepsy (PSE) represents a significant and common complication following a stroke, imposing substantial burdens on patients, their families, and society at large. Establishing a reliable animal model is crucial for investigating the mechanisms and potential treatments for PSE. This article offers a review of studies pertaining to animal models of...
• Encoding-related hippocampus connectivity for scenes, faces, and words: Healthy people compared to people with temporal and frontal lobe epilepsy
  20. April 2025
  Interactions of the hippocampus with other brain structures are supposed to support memory formation but knowledge is limited regarding hippocampal task-based functional connectivity (FC) during encoding in both healthy people and people with epilepsy, who frequently have impaired memory. We compared absolute [FC(encoding)] and relative FC (isolating task-specific FC [FC(encoding)-FC(baseline)]) of the anterior hippocampus in 30 controls, 56 mesial temporal (mTLE, 26 right) and 24 frontal lobe...
• From abnormal fetal movements to neonatal seizures: A literature review
  20. April 2025
  Fetal seizures (FS) are underestimated and underdiagnosed events with a poor prognosis that could precede neonatal seizures. FS diagnosis could be clinical or by means of ultrasound. FS causes are heterogenic. After a PubMed, Google Scholar and SCOPUS research, aimed to find publications concerning FS, we selected 23 studies, mainly case reports with literature reviews, for a total of 29 patients. We evaluated the method of diagnosis, gestational age at diagnosis of FS, FS etiology, time of...
• Mapping glioblastoma-induced neurological deficits: A brain atlas
  20. April 2025
  CONCLUSION: The study highlights that neurological and epilepsy status at pre-treatment provide estimates of glioblastoma lesion volumes and locations. The correlation between lesion volumes and neurological deficits underscores the significance of comprehensive radiological assessments in glioblastoma patients. These findings support the use of detailed lesion-symptom mapping to guide clinical management and prognosis evaluation in glioblastoma.
• What can we learn from 68 000 clinical frailty scale scores? Evaluating the utility of frailty assessment in emergency departments
  20. April 2025
  CONCLUSION: The CFS is associated with crucial patient outcomes in the ED. Inter-rater variability and potentially confounding factors can limit its consistency. Automation to enhance CFS score reliability should be explored as a means to support proactive management.
• Prioritising faster, individualised rescue treatment in status epilepticus - Authors' reply
  19. April 2025
  No abstract
• Effects of temporal lobe seizures on visual recognition memory in a non-human primate model
  19. April 2025
  Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy frequently report memory impairment, which significantly impacts their quality of life. Several studies have demonstrated an association between temporal lobe epilepsy and memory dysfunction, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigates whether a penicillin-induced temporal lobe seizure model in non-human primates (NHPs) replicates the recognition deficits observed in epileptic patients. We recorded hippocampal activity in three...
• Efficacy and compliance of carbohydrate-restricted diets for treating drug-resistant epilepsy: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  19. April 2025
  CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis indicated that in RCTs, the included diet therapies were overall equivalent in efficacy and side effects, with the MAD showing a higher chance of seizure freedom. Compliance was lower with the MAD, but this was likely due to a preponderance of adult studies using this therapy.
• Anti-seizure medication is a minor causative factor in behavioral problems of children with tuberous sclerosis complex
  19. April 2025
  CONCLUSION: We did not find evidence for aggravation of behavioral problems with specific ASM use. In this complexity of symptoms of TSC the possible benefits of ASM, therefore, likely outweigh the risk of behavioral problems.
• SUDEP in inherited metabolic epilepsies
  19. April 2025
  Inherited metabolic epilepsies (IMEs) have an increased susceptibility for early mortality, including sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), as they often manifest with frequent drug-resistant seizures, including bilateral tonic-clonic and nocturnal seizures. The metabolic defects inherent to their etiology predispose affected individuals to an additional risk of mortality as they can lead to brain injury, which can induce and be exacerbated by seizures, and to systemic conditions that...
• A cross-cultural comparative study of attitudes towards people with epilepsy in Japan and Germany
  19. April 2025
  The Japanese version of the Scales of the Attitudes towards People with Epilepsy (SAPE-J) has been developed based on the German SAPE to assess attitudes towards people with epilepsy (PWE). This study aims to verify the invariance of the measurement models between the SAPE and SAPE-J and investigate scale-level differences in attitudes towards PWE between Japan and Germany. We administered the SAPE-J to members of the Japanese public via an online survey (n = 985) and used previously collected...
• Comprehensive insights into carbonic anhydrase inhibition: A triad of In vitro, In silico, and In vivo perspectives
  19. April 2025
  Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are zinc-dependent metalloenzymes essential for sustaining physiological balance by facilitating the reversible conversion of carbon dioxide to its hydrated form. Their biological significance, coupled with their involvement in a wide array of pathological conditions, makes them attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of carbonic anhydrase inhibition through an integrated triad of in vitro, In silico, and In vivo...
• Seizure and cognitive outcomes of cortical long bursting responsive neurostimulation in intractable focal epilepsy
  19. April 2025
  Responsive Neurostimulation (RNS) is an established therapy for drug-resistant epilepsies (DRE), yet conventional high-frequency stimulation delivered in short bursts (SB; 100 ms) may fail to achieve significant seizure reduction. This retrospective study evaluated the efficacy of cortical high-frequency long-burst (LB; 5000 ms) RNS therapy in 13 DRE patients who experienced less than a 50 % reduction in seizures with SB therapy. After initiating LB therapy, 55 % of patients achieved a seizure...
• Frequency-specific alterations in brain connectivity induced by pulvinar stimulation
  19. April 2025
  OBJECTIVE: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is emerging as a promising therapy for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, particularly those who are either unsuitable for or unresponsive to resective surgery. The potential benefit of DBS in these patients may stem from its ability to reduce excessive brain functional connectivity (FC). Given that patients undergoing presurgical evaluation in our institution are implanted with stereoelectroencephalographic (SEEG) electrodes in the thalamus,...
• Facilitators and barriers to neurologist referral of patients for epilepsy surgery evaluation
  19. April 2025
  OBJECTIVE: Epilepsy surgery offers a potential cure for drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), yet surgery is underutilized. An estimated 5% of patients with DRE undergo long-term EEG monitoring (LTM) annually, the requisite first step of evaluation for surgical candidacy. Much of the variation in LTM referral may be attributable to individual neurologist practice rather than patient characteristics. We explored neurologist behaviors and practices in epilepsy surgery referral to guide future...
• Impact of Reducing Time Lived With Colostomies on Social Stigma Affecting Children With Anorectal Malformations in Southwestern Uganda
  19. April 2025
  CONCLUSION: Adopting a 1-stage ARM repair for the select types, which avoids colostomy creation, significantly reduces the experience of stigma and ability to live without fear/abuse. Designing cheap reusable colostomy bags in LMIC settings and increasing access to colostomy appliances should be the goal.
• (+)-Borneol Enhances the Antiseizure Effects of Retigabine by both Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Interaction
  19. April 2025
  Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, approximately one-third of whom are resistant to current anti-seizure drugs (ASDs). Retigabine (RTG) is a potential treatment for treating drug-resistant epilepsy and KCNQ2-related developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (KCNQ2-DEE). However, its use is limited by side effects from high doses and long-term use. This study aims to evaluate the anticonvulsant efficacy of RTG in combination with (+)-borneol in mouse...
• Risk factors for post-stroke epilepsy and seizures among stroke survivors: a qualitative aggregate analysis of more than 82 000 cases
  19. April 2025
  CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis identifies several risk factors for post-stroke seizures and epilepsy among stroke survivors. The findings enhance clinical awareness for early identification of high-risk individuals and may guide interventions to improve outcomes.
• Quantitative Cortex-Based Mapping With Hybrid (18)F-FDG-PET/MR Images in MRI-Negative Epilepsy
  19. April 2025
  OBJECTIVES: Localization of the network underlying drug-resistant focal epilepsy in individuals considering surgical treatment with unremarkable MRI is challenging. Concordance rates of 40%-69% have been reported with FDG-PET image statistical parametric mapping (SPM). We investigated the efficacy of postprocessing specific to cortices by cortex-based mapping (CBM) on hybrid PET/MR images with healthy subjects to localize sites of seizure onset.
• Study protocol for the health economic evaluation of outpatient long-term video EEGs for people with seizure disorders alongside the ALVEEG study - a randomized controlled equivalence trial
  18. April 2025
  BACKGROUND: Epilepsy and other seizure disorders are medical conditions that impose a substantial health economic burden on society given their considerable costs of illness and use of healthcare resources. The ALVEEG trial aims to tackle resource shortages in clinical settings and optimize patient management by evaluating outpatient ambulatory long-term video electroencephalograms (ALVEEGs) as a new diagnostic pathway to diagnose and manage epilepsy and other seizure disorders. The health...
• Epileptic encephalopathy in a young Bengal cat caused by CAD deficiency
  18. April 2025
  Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy type 50 (DEE50) in humans is a severe early-onset neurometabolic disorder caused by biallelic loss-of-function variants in the CAD gene encoding a key multi-enzymatic protein for de novo pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis. Untreated, the condition is often fatal, but patients respond to uridine supplementation, which fuels nucleotide synthesis through CAD-independent salvage pathways. Here, we report a novel variant in the feline CAD gene in a 4-month-old...
• Comparative analysis of new-onset refractory status epilepticus in adult and pediatric patients: immunotherapy timing and functional outcomes
  18. April 2025
  OBJECTIVES: We aimed to compare the clinical course of adult and pediatric patients with new-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE), including study of the timing of initiation of immunotherapy timing, duration of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and functional outcomes.
• Super-rapid titration of vagus nerve stimulation in a patient with DEPDC5-related drug-resistant epilepsy
  18. April 2025
  Pathogenic mutations in DEPDC5 are responsible for a broad range of focal lesional and non-lesional epilepsies. Drug resistance and normal structural neuroimaging findings are common in more than half of patients. Neuromodulation techniques like vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) might be particularly attractive for those patients who are less likely to have a good outcome from surgical resection due to normal neuroimaging or whose epileptogenic zone involves eloquent regions, which if disrupted by...